油罐油罐

儲存(cun)原油(you)(you)或其(qi)他石(shi)油(you)(you)產品的(de)容器。用(yong)在(zai)煉油(you)(you)廠、油(you)(you)田、油(you)(you)庫以及其(qi)他工業中(zhong)。

按材料分

1.按材(cai)料分為鋼、鋼筋混凝土(tu)和磚石三種。

油(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)鋼(gang)油(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)有立式(shi)(shi)(shi)（包括(kuo)拱頂式(shi)(shi)(shi)和浮頂式(shi)(shi)(shi)圓筒(tong)形(xing)）、球殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)(球形(xing))和臥(wo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)（圓筒(tong)形(xing)）。 立式(shi)(shi)(shi)拱頂油(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)由球冠形(xing)的罐(guan)(guan)頂及立式(shi)(shi)(shi)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)罐(guan)(guan)壁所(suo)構成，主要用(yong)于儲存(cun)介質為(wei)不易揮發(fa)油(you)(you)品(pin)，如柴油(you)(you)及相似類油(you)(you)品(pin)。常用(yong)的容積為(wei) 1000 -10000m。

浮(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)油(you)(you)罐是(shi)由漂浮(fu)在介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)表(biao)面(mian)上的(de)浮(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)和(he)立式圓柱形罐壁(bi)所構成。浮(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)隨罐內介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)儲量的(de)增加或減少(shao)而升降(jiang)，浮(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)外緣(yuan)與罐壁(bi)之間有環形密封裝置，罐內介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)始(shi)終(zhong)被(bei)內浮(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)直(zhi)接覆蓋，減少(shao)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)揮發(fa)。主要用于(yu)儲存介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)為易揮發(fa)油(you)(you)品，如汽油(you)(you)及相(xiang)似類油(you)(you)品。浮(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)油(you)(you)罐的(de)容積一般都比較大。浮(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)分為單盤(pan)式浮(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)、雙盤(pan)式浮(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)和(he)浮(fu)子式浮(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)等形式。

臥式(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)是由端蓋及臥式(shi)(shi)圓形(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢圓形(xing)(xing)罐(guan)(guan)壁(bi)所構(gou)成，通(tong)常用(yong)(yong)于生產環節或(huo)加油(you)(you)(you)站。臥式(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)的容(rong)積(ji)一(yi)般都(dou)(dou)小于浮(fu)(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)油(you)(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)是由漂浮(fu)(fu)在(zai)介(jie)質(zhi)表面(mian)上的浮(fu)(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)和(he)立式(shi)(shi)圓柱形(xing)(xing)罐(guan)(guan)壁(bi)所構(gou)成。浮(fu)(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)隨罐(guan)(guan)內介(jie)質(zhi)儲量的增加或(huo)減(jian)少而升降，浮(fu)(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)外緣(yuan)與罐(guan)(guan)壁(bi)之間有環形(xing)(xing)密封(feng)裝置(zhi)，罐(guan)(guan)內介(jie)質(zhi)始終(zhong)被內浮(fu)(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)直接(jie)覆蓋，減(jian)少介(jie)質(zhi)揮發(fa)。主要用(yong)(yong)于儲存介(jie)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)易揮發(fa)油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)，如(ru)汽油(you)(you)(you)及相似(si)類油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)。浮(fu)(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)油(you)(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)的容(rong)積(ji)一(yi)般都(dou)(dou)比(bi)較大。浮(fu)(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)單盤(pan)式(shi)(shi)浮(fu)(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)、雙(shuang)盤(pan)式(shi)(shi)浮(fu)(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)和(he)浮(fu)(fu)子式(shi)(shi)浮(fu)(fu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)等(deng)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)。

臥式油(you)罐是由(you)端蓋(gai)及臥式圓形或橢圓形罐壁(bi)所構成，通(tong)常用于生產(chan)環節或加油(you)站。臥式油(you)罐的容積一般都小(xiao)于100m3。

按結構分

2.按結構主要有原(yuan)油儲(chu)罐、燃(ran)油儲(chu)罐、潤(run)滑油罐、動物(wu)植物(wu)油脂儲(chu)罐等。

避(bi)免(mian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基剪(jian)切破(po)壞(huai)。按(an)儲存的(de)(de)(de)(de)油品性質可分(fen)為重油罐(guan)(guan)(guan)和輕油罐(guan)(guan)(guan)。同(tong)時(shi)要注意罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體四周(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)表土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，按(an)埋(mai)設(she)深度可分(fen)為地(di)(di)(di)(di)上式、半地(di)(di)(di)(di)下式和地(di)(di)(di)(di)下式。使罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)沉降不致太(tai)快，鋼油罐(guan)(guan)(guan)如(ru)埋(mai)在地(di)(di)(di)(di)下或半地(di)(di)(di)(di)下，設(she)有(you)護墻(qiang)以承受土(tu)壓(ya)力。

油(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)區由多個油(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)。每個油(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)區一般(ban)儲(chu)存一種油(you)(you)品。油(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)區要(yao)(yao)有消(xiao)防、防雷(lei)及防靜電等設施。地(di)上油(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)區還要(yao)(yao)建立防火堤。要(yao)(yao)連(lian)續地(di)進行沉降觀測工作。

主要類型

①立式(shi)(shi)圓筒形拱頂(ding)鋼油罐(guan)(guan)。容(rong)量一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在一(yi)(yi)萬立方米以下(xia)。壁板采(cai)用(yong)套筒式(shi)(shi)連接（貼角焊縫）。施(shi)工時常(chang)用(yong)倒裝(zhuang)法(fa)(從(cong)罐(guan)(guan)頂(ding)開始,自(zi)上而下(xia)逐(zhu)層(ceng)安(an)裝(zhuang)罐(guan)(guan)壁,并用(yong)風機(ji)送風使罐(guan)(guan)體(ti)上升(sheng))。與正裝(zhuang)法(fa)（從(cong)罐(guan)(guan)壁底圈板開始，自(zi)下(xia)而上逐(zhu)層(ceng)安(an)裝(zhuang)罐(guan)(guan)壁）比較，減(jian)少了高空作業(ye)。

②立式圓筒形浮(fu)頂(ding)鋼油罐。設有能上下浮(fu)動的(de)雙盤式浮(fu)頂(ding)或單(dan)(dan)盤式浮(fu)頂(ding)。雙盤式浮(fu)頂(ding)能減(jian)少(shao)熱輻射影響(xiang),因此,油品蒸發損失小。但在容量較(jiao)大時（大于一萬立方米），為了降低造價，一般采用單(dan)(dan)盤式浮(fu)頂(ding)。這類(lei)油罐應注意選擇合理的(de)密(mi)封裝置(zhi)要求(qiu)密(mi)封效(xiao)果好、安(an)裝和維修(xiu)方便。壁板采用對焊連接，施工常用正(zheng)裝法。

③立式(shi)圓筒(tong)形內(nei)浮(fu)頂(ding)鋼油罐(guan)(guan)。兼有拱頂(ding)和內(nei)浮(fu)頂(ding)，內(nei)浮(fu)頂(ding)在拱頂(ding)油罐(guan)(guan)內(nei)部(bu)漂浮(fu)在液面上(shang)，可上(shang)下浮(fu)動(dong)。它除具有浮(fu)頂(ding)油罐(guan)(guan)特點外(wai)，還能油品的清潔度。

④球形鋼(gang)油罐。可(ke)承受(shou)0.45～3兆帕的(de)工作壓(ya)力,容量一般(ban)為50～2000米(mi)3)，常用于儲存液化石油氣(qi)。

⑤臥式鋼油罐(guan)。容(rong)量(liang)一般在50米3以下。可以儲(chu)存汽(qi)油和易揮發的石油產(chan)品。